The known virulence factors include lipoteichioic acid (LTA), toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (TSST-1), staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA), and staphylococcal enterotoxin B. aureusproduces a myriad of virulence factors that allow the organism to gain entry into tissues, attach to host cells, and secret exoproteins and toxins. aureuscan potentially cause some of the most severe hospital-associated and community-acquired illnesses. By invading the bloodstream, lower respiratory tract, and skin and soft tissue, S. aureusis the leading cause of bacterial infections affecting an enormous population worldwide. The pathogenesis of Staphylococcus aureus epidermidisand Staphylococcus haemolyticusare also listed as the bacteria that can occupy and associated with male infertility.Ģ.2. aureushas been proved to be one of the most prevalent organisms in male and female genital tract, and its implication in the pathogenesis of reproductive diseases and infertility has attracted increasing attention. It colonizes mainly the nasal passages, but also the other anatomical locales, such as skin, oral cavity, and gastrointestinal tract. aureusis the most important human pathogen and causes a wide range of clinical infections. However, the incidence of infections of Staphylococcus epidermidisand other CNS has currently been rising. The coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) comprise over 30 other species, most of which are commensals of skin without causing infections. The coagulase-positive staphylococci constitute the most pathogenic species Staphylococcus aureus. Staphylococci are divided into two groups based on their ability to clot blood plasma. The bacteria are about 0.5–1.0 μm in diameter and grow in clusters, pairs, and occasionally in short chains. Bacteria in the genus Staphylococcusare referred to Gram-positive spherical bacteria that widely affect man and other mammals.
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